Richard Smalley predicts that:

Humanity’s Top Ten
Problems for next 50 Years

1. Energy
2. Water
3. Food
4. Environment
5. Poverty
6. Terrorism and War
7. Disease
8. Education
9. Democracy
10. Population

electric vehicle

Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

（LFP）

· range of only 500km

└ lower energy density

· battery capacity at -20℃ is only 31.5%

└ Not resistant to low temperatures

· comparatively expensive

└ Lithium is scarce

Solution——zinc-Air battery

Metal-Air Batteries

└ High theortical capacity

Li-Air Batteries
└ expensive ×

Al/Mg-Air Batteries
└ cannot charge ×

Zn-Air Batteries
└ cheap and efficient √

Ordinary zinc-air batteries

└ can stand -20℃

Modified Zinc Air Battery

└ can stand -120℃，best perform at -40℃

more than 20% of the current population will experience living temperatures below -20°C。

Battery that works at -20°C could benefit 99.6% of humanity